Interest Centers in the Light of Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences – Findings From Observational Research

SUMMARY: Aim: The observations were conducted systematically over a period of three months to explore the preschool environment in terms of the presence of interest centers, the materials and teaching aids available in them, and the ways children engage in play within these centers in the context of Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. Methods: The study was qualitative and conducted using the observation method. The observation was a non-reactive research method, meaning that the researcher did not interfere with the natural behavior of children but merely recorded their activities in their natural environment. The research setting consisted of twelve preschools in the Olsztyn County. The preschools were purposefully selected, ensuring that half were public institutions and the other six were non-public. A multi-faceted approach to data analysis was applied, combining the results of observations with an analysis of Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences and consultations with preschool teachers. Results: The research findings confirmed that interest centers play a significant role in developing various types of intelligence. The materials, teaching aids, and ways children engage in play in the library center support the development of linguistic and interpersonal intelligence through reading books and participating in discussions about literature. In the experimental-construction center, logical-mathematical and visual-spatial intelligence is fostered, allowing children to explore the principles of physics and mathematics in a hands-on manner. Particularly valuable were centers that enabled reflection and the development of both intra- and interpersonal cognitive abilities, such as the library, music, theater, and religious centers, which support moral, emotional, and social development. Coclusion: Interest centers represent a practical application of the theory of multiple intelligences in preschool education. By adapting materials, teaching aids, activities, and learning environments to the individual needs and potentials of students, they enable the comprehensive development of each intelligence identified by Howard Gardner. This approach not only supports children's cognitive development but also fosters their sense of self-worth, creativity, spirituality, and ability to collaborate. All of this takes place in a natural and integrated manner, with a recognition of personal values such as freedom, dignity, justice, and love. Oryginality: The presented text is one of the first to address the issue of observational research on interest centers in preschool in the light of Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences.