What type of study is this?

This is a Finite Element study.

Numerical Evaluation of Embedded I-Section Strengthening in Axially Loaded Composite Concrete-Filled Stainless Steel Tubes

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Numerical analysis reveals axial performance improvement in composite concrete-filled tubes, suggesting effective design adjustments.

Increasing the Dst/Dsi ratio and load eccentricities significantly influenced axial performance in CFSST columns.
The ultimate axial capacity improved by 9.97% with steel yield strength increase from 550 MPa to 650 MPa.
Energy absorption in strengthened columns improved significantly in relation to enhanced axial capacities.
Concrete strength increases had modest effects, showing only a 10.23% gain when rising from 30 MPa to 60 MPa.

Sadeq et al. (2025) studied this question.

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