Liver Robotic Surgery. A Review of Current Use and Future Perspectives

Background: Robotic liver surgery is emerging as a key advancement in minimally invasive techniques, though it still faces several challenges. Meanwhile, colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a leading cause of cancer deaths, with liver metastases affecting 25–30% of patients. These metastases significantly strain healthcare systems by raising costs and resource demands. Methods: A narrative literature review was performed, resulting in the inclusion of 14 studies in our analysis. Results: The 14 studies included a total of 771 patients (520 males and 251 female) undergoing simultaneous robotic-assisted resection (SRAR), aged between 31 and 88. Most were affected by rectal cancer (76%) and unilobar liver metastases (82%). All surgeries used the da Vinci system, with limited resections (≤3 segments) in 83% of cases—85 minor and 45 major hepatectomies. All achieved R0 (negative margin) resections. Patients’ BMI ranged from 19.5 to 40.4 kg/m², and median hospital stay was 7 days (range 2–28). Conclusions: As research advances and new therapies emerge for Colorectal liver Metastasis (CRLM), surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Robotic liver surgery has become a well-established technique and represents the future for managing colorectal liver metastases.