Safe Care in Childhood and Adolescence Under Guardianship: Contributions From Attachment Theory

Abstract In Spain, according to the Observatorio de la Infancia [Spanish Children's Observatory] (2024), 51,972 children and adolescents were being cared for in the protection system. The scientific literature highlights the serious risks that the disruption of family ties and placement in residential care centers pose to children's development. It also identifies factors that contribute to improved care in residential placements. These factors include the nurturing of social interactions, the stability of social bonds, and the development of meaningful attachment relationships. In this article, based on the framework of attachment theory, we describe the criteria to consider in the design and organization of residential care centers. We also emphasize the importance of specialized training for educators and professionals who comprise child and adolescent care teams within the protection system, in order to promote the development of a secure attachment bond between children and adolescents, and professional caregivers.