Oncology nurses' experiences in reducing pain and suffering in cancer patients: A grounded theory study

Effective pain management can reduce its negative impact and increase the overall quality of life of patients. This study aimed to investigate the experiences of oncology nurses in managing pain in patients with cancer. This qualitative study, employing a grounded theory approach, examined 19 nurses, two physicians, three patients, and two companions. Data collection consisted of in-depth, individual, and semi-structured interviews that continued until data saturation was achieved. The analytical framework proposed by Corbin & Strauss (2014) led to the development of a coherent theory. The main theory derived from the data revolved around “trying to relieve patients’ pain and suffering”. Persistent pain, patient internal conflicts, reliance on pharmacological pain relief, contradictory effects of complementary medicine, cultural differences, different characteristics, lack of standardized pain management protocols, and limitations in the healthcare environment and resources emphasize the necessity of addressing patients’ suffering. In response to this concern, nurses used a variety of strategies, including developing a comprehensive roadmap, utilizing pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, reducing anxiety during pain, improving patient acceptance, and effective communication. The results of these strategies varied, with some cases providing pain relief and stability, while others were ineffective and resulted in persistent pain. Multiple factors can facilitate or hinder effective pain management. Insights gained from the experiences of nurses in this study provide valuable knowledge for physicians and nurses to enhance effective pain management.