Impact of Mining Industries on the Environment (Special Reference to the Aravali Range of Rajasthan)

Under the study of the tradition of Indian knowledge, we get knowledge of India's geographical and natural resources. The history of mineral extraction in India dates back to the Harappan civilisation. The extensive availability of mineral reserves has significantly contributed to India's development. The study of geography in ancient texts reveals the Aravali structure. The formation is seen in the clear succession of pre-Cambrian rocks. Rajasthan possesses substantial mineral deposits, including copper, lead, zinc, rock phosphate, soapstone, silica sand, limestone, marble, and gypsum. The majority of the state's mineral resources are located inside the depths of the Aravali Mountain range. Mining puts pressure on the environment due to various aspects like exploration, extraction, refinement, and closure of mines. The main environmental issues related to the mine include the degradation of land surface area, spread of sand along with the wind in agricultural land, erosion of drains and water pollution. Even in Rajasthan, in the range of Aravalli hills and around it, the fauna is diverse and there is a threat of ecological systems. This research examines the remote sensing and GIS methodologies employed to discern diverse land uses and boundaries in satellite imagery, as well as to detect temporal changes in land patterns. Mining is the primary activity contributing to environmental damage. Mining activities result in alterations to the natural environment.