Analysis of risk factors for postoperative lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in liver transplant patients

Abstract Background Liver transplantation, as an effective treatment for end-stage liver disease, significantly improves the survival and quality of life of patients. However, various postoperative complications seriously affect the patient's prognosis, among which deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs is one of the more common and dangerous ones. Objective To investigate the high-risk factors for the development of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in liver transplant recipients after surgery and to establish a relevant prediction model. Methods A total of 425 patients were collected in this study, out of which 110 patients developed lower limb deep vein thrombosis after liver transplantation; The past medical history and relevant information during hospitalisation of the patients enrolled in this study were collected separately to study the correlation factors affecting the emergence of lower limb deep vein thrombosis in patients after surgery, and to establish a prediction model. Results Possibly relevant factors were included in a one-way logistic regression, and after analysing the results: age, history of alcohol consumption, history of diabetes mellitus, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and postoperative D-dimer were the potential risk factors for the development of lower limb deep vein thrombosis after liver transplantation, P < 0.2. The data obtained were further included in a multifactorial review and age, history of diabetes mellitus, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and postoperative D-dimer were independent risk factors for the development of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis after liver transplantation (P < 0.05). Conclusion This finding suggests that clinicians should focus on high-risk individuals with these factors when dealing with liver transplant patients. By strengthening monitoring and adopting targeted preventive measures to reduce the incidence of lower limb DVT and improve the quality of postoperative rehabilitation and long-term prognosis of patients.