Bioactive compounds, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of carob fruit and leaves (Ceratonia siliqua)

The present study aimed to make a phytochemical study and to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the crude extracts of two parts (leaves and fruit) of Ceratonia siliqua. The polyphenols extraction step was followed by the determination of polyphenols and flavonoids contents. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH test and the ferric reducing power. Protein denaturation (BSA) and red blood cell membrane stabilization assays were used for the anti-inflammatory activity. Phytochemical assays showed that leaves extract was richer in polyphenols and flavonoids compared to fruit. The DPPH antiradical activity and the ferric reducing power revealed that the methanol extract of the leaves has the highest antioxidant activity compared to the fruit. For the anti-inflammatory activity, the results also showed that the crude extract of the leaves has a powerful activity against denaturation of proteins (BSA), and has an important protective effect against membrane hemolysis of red blood cells compared to fruit extract. The obtained results suggested that Ceratonia siliqua is an effective antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.