Evaluation of a control-oriented single-phase transformer core model

Purpose This paper aims to address the limitations of existing transformer core models, which often lack applicability in real-time control tasks. The paper investigates properties of a control-oriented transformer core model that is shown to accurately represent the effects of hysteresis, saturation, eddy current losses and leakage flux while at the same time minimizing the computational burden. Design/methodology/approach The investigated control-oriented model is mathematically expressed in a state-space form, making it inherently suitable for model-based controller design. This model can be interpreted as an equivalent electric diagram, providing a clear and intuitive representation. The model is experimentally evaluated across various transformers which are selected based on an extensive data analysis aimed at identifying practically relevant representatives. The k-means clustering algorithm is used to ensure that the transformers exhibit fundamentally different characteristics. Findings The investigated control-oriented model successfully fulfils its purpose. It effectively replicates the transient current response of various current transformers and generalizes well across a wide range of input signals with minimal computational effort. Originality/value Comparing the proposed control-oriented model with the Jiles–Atherton model demonstrates its effectiveness in terms of simulation accuracy and computational efficiency. Therefore, it offers a practical solution for problems commonly found in real-time control applications.