Molecular links in endometriosis pathogenesis as targets for diagnosis and targeted therapy: a review

Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder. Nowadays, its etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown. Its diagnosis and treatment are one of the most urgent problems. Existing theories do not fully explain the causes and mechanisms of the disease development, so the most effective treatment has not yet been found. Due to this fact, we cannot effectively prevent this disease. Many researchers try to solve this problem. The most important issue is studying various biomolecules' role in endometriosis development. In this review, we summarized data on some molecules that may play an important role in endometriosis development, including factors of chronic inflammation (M2-associated markers, arginase 1, CD11b), neovascularization (VEGF, HIF-1α, decorin), invasion (RPLP1, H3K27me3, TWIST1, RON, CD47, TSP1, SIRPα), autophagy (LC3B-II, p62, Beclin, NLRC5), proliferative activity and active metabolism in ectopic endometrial cells (MCT, GLUT), neurogenesis (NFASC, CHL1, c-Fos). The study of these molecules will help to deepen the understanding of the nature and mechanism of the disease, develop a diagnostic set of its markers, as well as effective treatment methods, including targeted therapy.