A Study on Significance of Uric Acid to HDL Cholesterol Ratio to Assess the Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a major global health challenge, frequently associated with metabolic disturbances like dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications. The Uric Acid to HDLCholesterol Ratio (UHR) is emerging as a potential biomarker for early cardiovascular risk prediction. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate UHR in T2DM patients and examine its association with glycemic control and cardiovascular risk. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 18 months in the Department of General Medicine, Greater Eastern Medical School & Hospital, involving 50 adult T2DM patients. Participants were grouped as controlled or uncontrolled diabetics based on HbA1c and FBS values. Data collection included anthropometry, serum uric acid, fasting lipid profile, HbA1c, ECG, and 2D-Echocardiography. UHR was calculated and compared across the two groups. Results: The majority (70%) had uncontrolled diabetes with significantly higher mean serum uric acid (6.40 vs. 5.35 mg/dL, p = 0.001) and lower HDL(35.02 vs. 41.47 mg/dL, p = 0.033). The mean UHR was significantly elevated in the uncontrolled group (19.27% vs. 14.86%, p = 0.02). Additionally, more ECG and 2D-Echo abnormalities were observed in this group, indicating higher cardiovascular risk. Conclusion: Elevated UHR is significantly associated with poor glycemic control and cardiovascular abnormalities in T2DM patients. It may serve as a valuable, low-cost screening tool for early risk stratification. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate its clinical utility.