Actual aspects of preoperative examination in planned extracardiac interventions: A review

In this article, we present an overview of studies conducted in recent years to determine the prognostic value of various diagnostic methods at the stage of preoperative examination and risk prediction in various planned extracardiac interventions, based on current clinical guidelines and the capabilities of modern medicine. The relevance of the presented topic is undoubted, given that more than 200 million different non-cardiac surgeries are performed worldwide annually, the share of cardiac complications exceeds 50% of patients, and a consensus on the scope of examination and the prognostic parameters obtained is not always possible to achieve. A clear algorithm for preoperative examination, identification and consideration of prognostically significant parameters affects the stratification of perioperative risk, the choice of anesthetic and surgical tactics, the strategy of postoperative patient management, which is the basis for reducing the risk of cardiovascular complications.