A Compact Frequency Reconfigurable Metasurface Antenna Based on Rotational Tuning for Millimeter-Wave Applications

This study presents a circular microstrip patch antenna design capable of frequency tuning within the 33–39 GHz band, integrated with a rotatable dielectric metasurface layer. By eliminating the air gap between the radiator and the metasurface, a compact and low-profile structure is achieved. Frequency tuning is achieved through the mechanical rotation of the metasurface, allowing the resonance frequency to vary according to the rotation angle. Simulations and measurements exhibit strong agreement, confirming the antenna's ability to achieve dynamic frequency tuning with high radiation efficiency. The antenna exhibits superior performance, featuring a peak gain of 7.16 dBi, a VSWR of less than 2 across all configurations, and a minimum reflection coefficient of –55 dB. This mechanical design, which does not require active components, offers an effective alternative to electronically controlled antennas and provides a suitable solution for advanced mm-wave applications such as 5G, satellite communications, and cognitive radio.