The Effect of Electric Current Variations on the Mechanical Properties of Smaw Welding Results on AIsi 1045 Steel

Welding is an essential metal joining method used across various industries. This study aims to analyze the effect of current variation on the mechanical properties of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) on AISI 1045 steel. The welding currents used in this research are 90 Ampere, 100 Ampere, and 110 Ampere, utilizing E-7016 electrodes. The research methodology involves welding medium carbon steel specimens (AISI 1045) with an 8 mm diameter, followed by tensile testing to measure ultimate tensile strength (σu), yield strength (σy), strain (ε), and modulus of elasticity (E). The results indicate that welding current significantly influences the mechanical properties of the steel. The 110 Amper current produced the highest average ultimate tensile strength of 688.87 N/mm², followed by 100 Ampere (650.346 N/mm²) and 90 Ampere (633.57 N/mm²). The highest strain value was also observed at 110 Ampere (0.06052%), compared to 100 Ampere (0.04894%) and 90 Ampere (0.03140%). Additionally, the average modulus of elasticity at 110 Ampere was 11,379.21 N/mm², indicating greater stiffness compared to other currents. The study concludes that a welding current of 110 Ampere provides the best results in terms of tensile strength, strain, and modulus of elasticity for AISI 1045 steel. These findings serve as an important reference for determining optimal welding parameters for similar steel materials.