A Comparative Study of Student Performance in Traditional and Online Learning Environments

This systematic review explores the difference between traditional and online learning and the various impacts it has on student performance. Based on the peer-reviewed studies, it evaluates the key factors that significantly impact educational outcomes, such as learner motivation, course design, digital access, and instructor presence. It aims to examine whether student success is heavily determined by the level of institutional support and the quality of instruction. Notably, Online learning presents challenges associated with feedback and motivation, but it provides broad accessibility and flexibility, while traditional learning lacks adaptability but offers interpersonal engagement and proper structure. Also, this literature review attempts to showcase how non-technical subjects transition smoothly into an online structure, unlike technical subjects. This study concludes by providing recommendations on how future research should adopt a blended model that provides a more efficient and balanced strategy by incorporating both online and traditional learning forms to leverage each learning model's strengths.