Epidemiology of healthcare associated infections in dialysis patients (literature review)

The article presents data on the incidence of infectious complications, their etiology, risk factors and prevention in patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis. The most frequent complication is catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Their incidence varies considerably from country to country. Calculating the frequency of infections using different denominators is a challenge in comparing data. Gram-positive microorganisms are the most frequent pathogens. Central venous catheters have a higher risk of infectious complications than other types of vascular access. Prophylaxis measures include recommendations for prevention of catheter-associated bloodstream infections, and the effectiveness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrier sanitation, antimicrobial agents around the central venous catheter skin site, antimicrobial locks, and infection prevention programs are also considered.