Efficiency of Using the Mitochondrial-Targetted Drug Aicar in the Complex Treatment of Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

Background: current research indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of periodontitis by inducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In this regard, research on a mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic approach to a number of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including periodontitis, is currently becoming relevant. Aim: evaluate the dynamics of clinical and index indicators of periodontal condition in patients during the treatment of chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) using the mitochondrial stimulator Aicar. Materials and methods: the examination of 88 patients with periodontitis was carried out according to a number of parameters: clinical indicators were determined – edema (in %), hyperemia (%), bleeding (%), as well as index indicators – OHI-S – simplified index of oral hygiene (Oral Hygiene Indices – Simplified), PI – periodontitis intensity (periodontal index), SBI – gingival sulcus bleeding index, papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA). Clinical and index indicators of the periodontal condition in patients were determined before and after 7 and 14 days, as well as 3 and 6 months after treatment. Patients were divided into the following groups: Group I – Metrogyl for 7 days; Group II – Metrogyl for 7 days + simultaneously Aicar orally for 7 days; Group III – Metrogyl 7 days + continuation of 7 days of Aicar locally; Group IV – Metrogyl 7 days + simultaneously Aicar orally for 7 days + continuation of Aicar locally for 7 days. Results: it was shown that after 7 days of treatment with Metrogyl (Group I), the detection of clinical signs of inflammation (swelling, hyperemia and bleeding of the gums) decreased to 18.2%, 20.1%, 28.4%, respectively. Moreover, the decrease was recorded to a greater extent when using Metrogyl in combination with Aicar – in Group II – 5.2%, 10.1%, 15.3% (p < 0.05); in Group III – 4.7%, 8.7%, 14.1% (p < 0.05); in Group IV – 2.7%, 6.5%, 11.7% (p < 0.05). A similar trend in patients was also observed when determining periodontal indices. Conclusions: based on clinical observations, it was found that the combined use of Metrogyl and Aicar was more effective in treating periodontitis than in the group of patients who were treated with Metrogyl alone. Thus, the use of traditional drugs in combination with mitochondria-targeted compounds that reduce oxidative stress may serve as a new therapeutic approach to various periodontal tissue diseases.