Exercise and Lifestyle Modification in the Management of Diabetic Patients in the Al-Madinah Region, Saudi Arabia

Diabetes is a public health problem in Saudi Arabia, and the disease outcomes are highly affected by lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity. The current study aimed to examine the role of culturally sensitive lifestyle modifications in controlling type 2 diabetes in Al-Madinah. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of electronic health records among 381 adults with type 2 diabetes at two large hospitals in Al-Madinah. Data on demographic characteristics, dietary habits, and physical activity were obtained. Logistic regression was employed to analyze correlations between lifestyle and health status (e.g., own perceived energy level) and reporting odds ratios (ORs). Of the patients, 54.9% exercised regularly, and walking was the most common exercise. Furthermore, 65.6% of the patients reported dietary changes to manage diabetes; the most frequently reported changes were a reduction in the consumption of sugars/processed foods (49%) and carbohydrates (38%). Patients who exercise had more than 2.89 times (p < 0.001) the odds of reporting satisfaction with energy levels. In general, uptake of lifestyle change was good and appeared beneficial. These findings suggest that Saudi patients readily adopt culturally sensitive exercise and dietary modifications and that such behaviors are associated with well-being. Tailoring interventions to cultural norms, e.g., promoting walking and so-called "traditional" healthy foods, may improve diabetes control. Overall, our results support the inclusion of culturally specific lifestyle advice in diabetes management in Saudi Arabia. This has important implications for public health policy, and there is a demand for culturally appropriate interventions to improve outcomes in this high-risk population.