5E and CRA integration: Effects on geometric concept images and connection skills

This study examined the effects of integrating the 5E Instructional Model with the Concrete-Representational-Abstract (CRA) approach on 10th-grade students’ concept images of parallelograms and rhombuses and their mathematical connection skills. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control groups, involving 61 students (experimental group n=31, control group n=30). The experimental group received instruction using the integrated 5E-CRA model, while the control group received traditional instruction. Data were collected using the “Parallelogram and Rhombus Concept Assessment Tool” developed by the researcher. Results revealed that the integrated approach had very large positive effects on parallelogram concept image (d=2.78), rhombus concept image (d=2.42), and mathematical connection skills (d=2.36). The findings demonstrate that 5E-CRA integration offers an effective alternative to traditional methods in geometric concept instruction, highlighting the critical role of systematic progression from concrete to abstract in developing conceptual understanding and connection skills. The research findings provide guidance for mathematics teachers in using manipulatives and progressive instructional strategies.