What type of study is this?

This is a In Vitro Study study.

September 10, 2025NanoImpactOpen Access

Beyond the ink: cellular and molecular effects of iron-based pigments on macrophages

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Authors

MVMarianne VitiponCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique EAEsther AkingbagbohunCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique FDFabienne DevimeCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique

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Implication

In vitro analysis shows that red iron oxide increases oxidative stress and cytokine secretion in macrophages, indicating potential long-term effects of tattoo pigments.

Key Points

Red iron oxide induces lasting oxidative stress in macrophages, which can affect skin health.
Altered mitochondrial potential in macrophages was observed following exposure to red iron oxide, but not black iron oxide.
Increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor, suggests that red iron oxide negatively impacts immune response.
The research highlights the implications of using iron oxide pigments in tattooing and dermopigmentation.

Cite This Study

Vitipon et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68c1aabf54b1d3bfb60e2e79 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.impact.2025.100578

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Implication

In vitro analysis shows that red iron oxide increases oxidative stress and cytokine secretion in macrophages, indicating potential long-term effects of tattoo pigments.

Beyond the ink: cellular and molecular effects of iron-based pigments on macrophages

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Beyond the ink: cellular and molecular effects of iron-based pigments on macrophages

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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