Observational analysis shows increased electrical conductivity in ZnO thin films with temperature, indicating significant changes in optical properties.
ZnO thin films were deposited on stainless steel substrates using the immersion method by immersing the substrates in a sol-gel coating solution at temperatures of 70 °C and 80 °C for varying durations of (1, 2, 3, and 4minutes). The results indicated that increasing the immersion time significantly influenced the film thickness. Optical measurements showed that transmittance at a wavelength of 350nm increased with higher deposition temperatures. Additionally, the Urbach tail energy increased with temperature, whereas the band gap (Eg) decreased markedly. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity of the ZnO films improved with increased temperature and immersion time.
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Alqat et al. (2025) studied this question.
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