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This analysis reveals energy band gap variations and shapes of T-Nb2O5 in various laser fluencies, suggesting formation mechanisms.
In this work, different laser fluencies ranges (8.1–17.8 J/cm2) and Nd: YAG of 1064 nm wavelength were studied and analyzed. Energy band gaps acquired ranged from 4.2 eV to 3.9 eV. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the formation of an orthorhombic (T-Nb2O5) niobium pentoxide nanostructure. The grain size of the Nb2O5 nanoparticles ranged from approximately 58.2 nm to 244.6 nm. TEM images showed spherical particles whose density increased with increasing laser fluence. Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra exhibited peaks indicating the formation of T phase-Nb2O5 nanomaterial.
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Salim et al. (2025) studied this question.
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