Content Analysis of 2024 Presidential Election Hoaxes

The 2024 Presidential Election in Indonesia was a crucial moment that triggered social friction, worsened by the spread of hoaxes on social media. This study analyzes 221 hoax samples from turnbackhoax.id, focusing on message forms, content characteristics, and hoax categories. Most hoaxes were in video format, widely shared on YouTube and TikTok, showing the dominance of video platforms in spreading misinformation. Many hoaxes targeted Gibran Rakabuming, especially around fake diploma claims and the Constitutional Court’s ruling. The most common hoax types were misleading and manipulated content, often created using advanced technology, including AI. These findings highlight the urgent need for digital literacy to help citizens detect, report, and resist hoaxes, promoting informed and peaceful elections.