The translation of address terms can lead to a transformation in social relations between speaker and interlocutor. This study aims to analyze the transformation of social relations and its contributing factors through the translation of Javanese address terms in the novel Gadis Kretek into Arabic. The data consist of linguistic units that reflect social relationships, such as Javanese words or phrases of address that indicate status, closeness, and hierarchy. The data sources are Gadis Kretek by Ratih Kumala and its Arabic translation Fātatu As-Sajā’ir by Mohammed Ramadhan. The research method employed is qualitative descriptive with a comparative and interpretative approach. Data collection techniques include close reading, identification of address terms, data note-taking, transliteration, and numbering. Data analysis techniques involve classifying the data based on variations of address terms, comparing the forms in the source text (ST) and the target text (TT), and interpreting the linguistic and cultural factors involved. The results of the study reveal that the transformation of social relations is caused by differences in politeness systems and cultural norms between Javanese and Arabic societies. Address terms such as Pak, Mbok/Simbok, Nduk, Le, Mbak/Mbakyu, and Mas/Kangmas undergo transformations in meaning or form in translation, with efforts made to preserve the underlying social relations. In conclusion, the translation of address terms reflects the adaptation of language to the target culture while also demonstrating cultural resistance to maintain the meaning of social relations in character interactions.
Mukminin et al. (Sat,) studied this question.