Multifactorial Origins of BPH: Androgens, Inflammation, and Beyond

BPH is a nonmalignant proliferative disorder characterized by progressive enlargement of the prostate gland, involving both stromal and epithelial components. The growth primarily arises from the proliferation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts and glandular epithelial cells localized in the transition zone surrounding the urethra. Histologically, BPH presents as a multifocal process with heterogeneous tissue composition, featuring varying degrees of stromal nodules and glandular hyperplasia. Understanding this evolving pathophysiology is crucial for guiding treatment and improving patient outcomes.