Simulation the Spatial and Temporal Patterns of PM2.5 Over Iraq (Baghdad) Using the WRF/Chem Model

Our understanding and knowledge of the impact of aerosols on the climate should increase due to the effects of particulate matter (PM), a globally significant and health-critical factor. In this work, the temporal variability of the PM 2.5 simulation for the year 2016 was evaluated using the WRF/Chem model. The WRF/Chem model’s simulation outcomes when set up with various physical parameterization schemes might differ greatly from one another when the same emissions input is used. The simulation of PM 2.5 concentration in Iraq was performed using a single domain with a parent domain. The characteristics of fine particles were analyzed using a model with regular hourly observations of PM 2.5 for both January and June. Using this method, PM 2.5 values were calculated and analyzed. According to the data, there were noticeable daily variations in PM 2.5 levels, with Baghdad experiencing the highest hourly concentrations between 00 and 03 and the lowest concentrations occurring between 18 and 21 in winter. However, hourly concentrations during the summer were highest at 06 and 03, and lowest at 12:00 and 15:00 most of the time. The highest and lowest PM 2.5 concentrations observed in January were 38.8 and 1.8 μg.m −3 , while in June they were 638.7 and 15.1 μg.m −3 .