Research Progress on the Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Common Clinical Microorganisms

The popularity of antibacterial drugs has made microbial drug resistance a thorny problem in global public health. In clinical practice, the phenomenon of resistance to antibacterial drugs by common microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, is becoming increasingly common. This article focuses on the main molecular mechanisms by which these microorganisms develop drug resistance. It conducts in-depth analyses from multiple aspects such as changes in drug targets, overexpression by drug efflux pumps, horizontal transfer of drug resistance genes, and biofilm formation. Based on the review of the latest progress in drug resistance research, it explores future research directions. It is hoped that it can provide a practical and feasible theoretical basis for clinical anti-infection treatment and prevention and control of drug resistance.