Modeling of lightning strike damage on CFRP composite laminates with measurement of temperature-dependent material properties

The accurate prediction of lightning strike (LS) damage to carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites is fundamental for LS protection design. Existing LS damage prediction models face issues such as a lack of modularity and inaccurate parameters. This paper is based on experimental testing, where the electrical and thermal parameters of layup CFRP composites were accurately measured at different temperatures. A coupled electro-thermal damage prediction model for LS on CFRP composites was established, enabling precise predictions of LS damage in layup CFRP composites. The results show that, compared to simulated LS tests, the prediction errors for the damage area and depth of plain-weave CFRP composites are 7.80% and 20%, respectively. Furthermore, the LS damage prediction results for plain-weave CFRP composites with a copper mesh align well with experimental findings, both indicating that they did not sustain LS damage. The model was further utilized to predict the LS damage scenarios for satin weave and hybrid-layered CFRP composites. This study provides scientific theoretical guidance and solid data support for predicting LS damage in layup CFRP composites.