Determination of the Hydrograph, Permanence Curve, Electric Power and Classification of Hydrographic Basins of the Amazon Region (Port of Minas and Barreirinhas)

This study evaluates the hydroelectric potential of two fluviometric stations located in the northern region of Brazil: Barreirinhas, in the state of Amazonas, and Porto de Minas, in the state of Pará. The main objective is to analyze the hydrological behavior of the rivers in these locations through the analysis of flow data, in order to estimate the feasibility of generating electricity from the available water resources. As a form of analysis, historical flow data provided by the National Water Agency (ANA) through the HidroWeb Portal were used, which allowed the construction of hydrographs, permanence curves, calculation of the theoretical hydraulic power for each location, in addition to estimating the number of residences that can be served with a possible hydroelectric installation. Through the hydrograph, it is possible to identify the seasonal variation regime of the river flow throughout the year, highlighting the periods of greater and lesser water availability. The permanence curve is essential for determining the most frequent flows, which are essential for estimating the firm power of potential hydroelectric plants. The classic equation that relates flow, waterfall and system efficiency was used as a basis for calculating the hydraulic power. To estimate the number of homes that would benefit from the installation of a hydroelectric plant, the size, installed capacity and average residential consumption of the local community were observed. The results were satisfactory and indicate that both stations have significant flows throughout the year, with Barreirinhas standing out as having a more regular water flow. The analysis of the hydraulic power indicated that both locations have potential for small to medium-sized energy generation, with Barreirinhas being more promising due to the constancy and volume of the flows. The analysis of this study highlights the potential of these stations and contributes to regional energy planning by providing technical support for future sustainable hydroelectric projects in the Amazon region.