Strategies for Sustainable Tourism Development Based on Multi-Objective Programming

Juneau, Alaska, faces significant challenges from over-tourism, including glacier retreat, infrastructure strain, and declining resident satisfaction. This study develops a multi-objective optimization model to balance economic, environmental, and social benefits. By integrating the entropy weight method for objective weighting and the simulated annealing algorithm for optimization, the model proposes sustainable strategies such as tourist capacity control, cruise-to-independent traveler ratio regulation, infrastructure investment, and glacier protection funding. The model is adapted to Bali to validate its universality, addressing marine pollution and resource allocation. The results demonstrate that the model effectively balances economic benefits, environmental protection, and social satisfaction, providing scientific decision-making support for sustainable development in over-tourism-affected regions. The innovation of this study lies in integrating the entropy weight method and the simulated annealing algorithm, addressing the challenges of weight allocation and global optimization in multi-objective problems. Additionally, by monetizing glacier retreat costs and internalizing marine pollution costs, the model enhances its practical applicability. This research not only offers specific strategies for tourism management in Juneau and Bali but also provides a replicable theoretical framework and practical reference for other destinations facing similar challenges.