Research on Sustainable Tourism Development Based on Multi-Objective Optimization

The global tourism industry has experienced significant growth in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the rise of over-tourism and the surge in mass "revenge tourism" have presented substantial challenges to the sustainable development of the sector. This paper examines the phenomenon of over-tourism, using Juneau, Alaska, as a case study. It highlights that the number of tourists is the most crucial factor influencing sustainable tourism development. A multi-objective planning-based RC model was developed, which incorporates tourism revenue, environmental pressure, social pressure, and infrastructure strain. The weights for these pressures were effectively determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Adaptive inertia weights were incorporated to enhance the efficiency and stability of the algorithm. Sensitivity analysis confirms that the number of tourists is the most critical factor influencing sustainable tourism, with tax levels and penalty coefficients also exhibiting significant sensitivity. Finally, this paper proposes a management strategy to achieve a balance between tourism-driven economic growth and the pressures associated with over-tourism.