Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Hospitalised Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study From Central India

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors including central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. It is strongly associated with increased risk and poorer outcomes in Myocardial Infarction (MI). Objective: To determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among patients admitted with Myocardial Infarction at a tertiary care hospital in Central India and to evaluate its association with MI severity and outcomes. Methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 18 months in the Department of Medicine at Amaltas Institute of Medical Sciences, Dewas. Seventy-five adult MI patients were enrolled using non-probability convenience sampling. Data on demographics, clinical history, anthropometry, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipid profile were collected. The diagnosis of MetS was based on standard criteria. Associations between MetS and MI severity, cardiac biomarkers, and clinical outcomes were analysed. Results: Metabolic Syndrome was present in 36% (27/75) of MI patients. Participants with MetS had significantly higher rates of severe MI (55.6% vs 31.3%; p=0.039) and adverse outcomes, including mortality (14.8% vs 0%; p=0.006) and severe morbidity (44.4% vs 10.4%; p=0.001). They also showed significantly elevated cardiac enzymes, including troponin (p=0.003), CK-MB (p<0.0001), and LDH (p=0.008). Conclusion: Metabolic Syndrome is common among MI patients and is associated with increased severity, higher cardiac enzyme levels, and worse clinical outcomes. Early identification and management of MetS components in MI patients may improve prognosis and reduce cardiovascular risk.