Role of Nutrients and Diet in Wound Healing: The Emerging Paradigm for Effective Therapy

Restoring tissue integrity is the outcome of the intricate biological process known as wound healing. Haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling are the four main stages that make up its physiological makeup. In order to restore tissue integrity, a number of cellular and extracellular pathways are triggered at the site of a wound in a highly controlled and coordinated manner. This process can be hampered by various reasons, which can lead to poor cosmetic results, increased patient morbidity and mortality, and delayed wound healing. This current review aims to summarize the pathogenesis, risk factors, current approaches, nanotechnology, and major phytochemicals for wound management. It is commonly known that malnutrition poses a risk to the healing process, and extensive research has validated the role that nutrition plays in the healing process. The requirement for calories and proteins rises during the healing process of wounds, resulting in an increased need for vital amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, fatty acids, and other micronutrients. While providing the right nutrients and assessing the nutritional state and phases of wound healing, nutritional evaluation is still required during the healing process. Natural products have components that are antiinflammatory, angiogenic, antioxidant, and requlates cell synthesis, and these properties play a major role in the treatment of wound healing. The use of topical phytochemicals to improve acute and chronic wound healing has been increasingly supported by research in recent years. In addition, the nonmaterial created by combining several disciplines has been employed in the domains of medicine and has been widely used in wound healing due to its great adsorption capacity, drug loading, and antibacterial characteristics, leading to the rapid development of Nanotechnology.