Một số giải pháp trắc địa công trình trong thi công, quan trắc hầm và đường sắt cao tốc

High-speed railways require extremely high geodetic precision and long-term operational stability. Therefore, surveying and monitoring activities must follow strict and accurate procedures throughout all stages, from initial investigation and construction to long-term operation. In particular, tunnel construction and monitoring for high-speed railway systems present significantly greater challenges than those on normal ground conditions due to complex terrain and constrained working environments. China, currently the country with the most extensive high-speed railway infrastructure in the world, has developed comprehensive technical standards and practices in this field. This paper introduces several geodetic solutions, based on Chinese specifications, that have been effectively applied in the construction and monitoring of high-speed railways through mountainous tunnels to ensure precision and operational safety.