Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Forest Reclamation Belts in the South of Russia Under Climate Change

The article considers the studies of field-protective forest melioration systems in the conditions of increasing climate change in the south of Russia. Changes in the frequency and increase in the sharpness of changes in weather phenomena, namely the gradual transition from four seasons to two seasons – winter and summer, already creates certain difficulties in the cultivation of agricultural crops for farmers of our country, which can threaten the food security of Russia. The main objective of the study is to analyze adverse natural phenomena associated with climate change in the south of Russia, namely, to study the role of forest protection plantations in a comprehensive system of corrective measures in modern conditions to reduce the effects of weather phenomena in stressful conditions of the agroforest landscape. The studies were conducted on ordinary chernozems (black soils). As a result of the studies of field-protective forest melioration systems, it was found that all 10 forest belts have a deviation in the design. The recommended openwork design as a result of uncontrolled growth (without proper care) is replaced by a dense one. Forest belts with the main tree species of black locust have a more stable 3 (strongly weakened) category of ecological condition of stands. In some forest belts, there are areas subject to decay as a result of their degradation or cutting. Distribution by heights of stands in the studied variants ranges from 5.83 m (Fraxinus pubescens Marsh) to 12.62 m (Robinia pseudoacacia L), with their average value for two regions from 10.14 m to 10.34 m. The use of field-protective forest reclamation plantations in a complex of the system aimed at mitigating stress situations in the fields of agrolandscapes is confirmed to be effective. An increase in the territory of the protective effect on the fields is possible with the restoration of forest reclamation communities, bringing the structures to the recommended ones.