Digital transformation in public services: Political challenges and global implications

Digital transformation in public services has become a strategic agenda in many countries, including Indonesia, to improve efficiency, transparency and accountability in governance. Digitalisation of public services not only accelerates administrative processes and expands public access to services, but also strengthens public participation through innovative digital channels. However, the implementation of digital transformation faces complex political challenges, such as infrastructure gaps, bureaucratic cultural resistance, limited digital literacy, and regulatory and leadership dynamics. These challenges can hinder the optimisation of the benefits of digitalisation in public services. At the global level, digital transformation encourages harmonisation of governance standards, international collaboration and exchange of best practices, but also raises new issues such as data security and the digital divide between countries. This research uses a literature review method to analyse the political challenges and global implications of digital transformation in public services, with the hope of providing strategic recommendations for inclusive and sustainable policy development.