Yield and biochemical composition of anzur onions in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Many wild onions have nutritional, vitamin and decorative properties. Their introduction is an urgent task, it allows to expand the range of vegetable and ornamental crops. The yield of green mass and the biochemical composition of the leaves of five onion taxa of the anzura group (A. aflatunense, A. aflatunense Purple Sensation, A. altissimum, A. rosenbachianum, A. stipitatum), which are ephemeroids with short vegetation period were studied. In 2022, the duration of flowering of anzur onions was 16–24 days (on average 20 days), in 2023 – 12–15 days (on average 13 days). In 2022, the vegetation period was 95–108 days, in 2023 – 78–91 days (17 days shorter). In 2022, the height of the flower stalk was 89.0–141.0 cm, the length of lamina was 47.7–58.8 cm. In 2023 the height of the flower stalk was 80.5–124.1 cm (on average shorter by 12.3 cm), the length of lamina was 35.6–53.8 cm (on average shorter by 11.6 cm). In 2022, on April 15, the weight of the leaves of one plant averaged 9.4–19.8 g, on April 25 – 25.7–73.5 g. In 2023 on April 15 the weight of the leaves of one plant averaged 17.6–40.5 g (more by 14.0 g), on April 25 – 44.6–125.4 g (more by 28.6 g). In 2023, the average yield of anzur onions was 3.433 kg/m2, by 2.140 kg/m2 more than in 2022 (1.292 kg/m2). By biochemical composition: ascorbic acid content in leaves 137.5–179.3 mg%, carotene – 8.69–12.19 mg/kg, dry substance – 11.06–12.62 %, sugars – 3.20–4.68 %, protein – 1.16–2.09 %, fat – 0.45–0.58 %, nitrogen – 0.18–0.33 %. By mineral substances: 0.16–0.30% of potassium; 0.02–0.04 % of phosphorus; 0.005–0.050 % of sulfur; 0.08 % of calcium; 4.26–5.74 mg/kg of zinc; 2.68–6.58 mg/kg of manganese; 0.30–1.12 mg/kg of copper; 0.01–0.03 mg/kg of cobalt (in terms of raw substance).