Genetic basis of adaptive qualities and heat tolerance in cattle (a review)

In the context of global climate change, the development of breeding strategies aimed at creating heat-tolerant cattle populations without compromising milk yield and quality has become particularly relevant. This review synthesizes current research on the impact of heat stress on cattle worldwide under changing climatic conditions. It explores potential genetic markers associated with heat stress resilience and their correlation with economically important traits in cattle. Through literature analysis, studies were examined that investigate the integration of marker-assisted selection (MAS) alongside conventional breeding methods to alleviate heat stress effects. Genes demonstrating significant effects under high-temperature conditions – whether directly or indirectly influencing economically valuable agricultural traits during heat stress – can be utilized in breeding programs employing marker-assisted selection to develop thermotolerant cattle populations. The findings from this study provide a foundation for advancing both theoretical and practical aspects of breeding programs aimed at enhancing cattle adaptability while maintaining high dairy productivity.