Characteristics according to productive and genetic characteristics of brown Swiss high-yielding cows

The most important economically useful signs are presented with an analysis of the genetic structure of 24 brown Swiss cows, milked in the Druzhba breeding farm to record milk productivity from 10 000 kg to 12 100 kg of milk for 305 days of lactation. The record holders, compared with the mothers and cows of the herd, were more precocious, superior in live weight, milk yield, milk fat yield, and productive longevity. Maximum lactation was shown after 2-6 calving (on average 3.5) – 0.6 later than mothers. Obtained from improver bulls with milk yield of 11 233 kg mothers and 9620 kg mothers of fathers, by homogeneous selection with an index of genetic similarity between parents of 0.8. The genetic characteristics of the record-breakers were determined using marker EAB alleles of blood groups. A reduction in the level of hereditary variability, an increase in the level of homozygosity, and consolidation of hereditary material labeled with the EAB allele G3O1T1Y2E/3F/2G//2 were found. The use of genetic markers makes it possible to increase the genetic potential of the population and the effectiveness of breeding work.