More than a Feeling: Self-Esteem as a Predictor of Life Satisfaction in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Prior research underscores self-esteem as a core determinant of life satisfaction and overall well-being. However, few studies have examined this relationship within the unique sociocultural context of Saudi Arabia. This study assesses the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction in adolescents, as well as the potential moderating effects of demographic factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 502 adolescents aged 13–18, selected from urban and rural regions of Saudi Arabia. Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Data were collected via online survey platforms. Descriptive statistics, correlation analyses, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regressions were performed using SPSS version 26. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between life satisfaction and self-esteem scores (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). Adolescents reporting dissatisfaction with life had over seven times greater odds of low self-esteem (OR = 7.2; 95% CI: 3.75–13.83). Higher life satisfaction was associated with being in secondary education, having a family income of 10,000 Saudi Riyal (SR) or more, and living with both parents. Additionally, prior contact with a psychologist was linked to lower self-esteem and reduced life satisfaction. Conclusions: Findings confirm self-esteem as a strong predictor of life satisfaction among Saudi adolescents. Socioeconomic status, family structure, and previous psychological consultation also influenced outcomes. These results emphasize the critical need for culturally sensitive mental health interventions tailored to the Saudi context. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of implementing early mental health screening and support programs within schools to provide accessible and preventive care for youth.