Biofortification of vegetable crops to boost nutraceuticals in human diet: A Review

Nutritional security is the primary subject of study for developing nations after food security. By biofortifying grains and vegetables, agricultural scientists are able to alter the physiology of crops and fight "hidden hunger," which affects the majority of people in underdeveloped nations. Plant breeders, molecular scientists, and genetic engineers have a lot of opportunities to increase the micronutrient density and vitamin content of vegetables and staple food crops for underdeveloped nations. Vegetables have a sufficient genetic variability, but there are still a few characteristics that need to be looked at. Both traditional breeding and genetic engineering call for the introduction of certain features when used to boost micronutrient and vitamin content. Recent genetic discoveries have made it feasible to increase micronutrients by decreasing anti-nutrients like phytic acid or tannins. Vegetables may be biofortified using genome editing techniques like ZFN, TALENS, CRISPR-Cas9, etc. that have the ability to alter plant genes or knock down undesired characteristics. Many methods for achieving desired genetic change without the regulatory difficulties associated with transgenic technology are now possible due to recent advances in genome editing. The goal of current research is now to encourage a healthy lifestyle via the use of dietary supplements and a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.