This study focuses on the institutional and structural pedagogical barriers exacerbating the inefficiency of teacher training programs in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. With attempts to reform policies and improve pedagogical advances, the system remains stagnant due to perpetual underfunding, outdated syllabi, excessive student numbers in classrooms, poorly supervised teaching practice placements, and inadequate evaluation processes. Further, the study addresses gaps in credentialing systems, pedagogical frameworks not tailored to local cultures, and a pervasive deficiency of pedagogy experts. This paper seeks to portray the systemic barriers to adequate teacher preparation using a qualitative, interpretive methodology based on empirical observation and policy scrutiny. It advocates for contextually differentiated pedagogical changes that adapt to the local structural context while recognizing the framework. Enhancing prior learning assessments and instructional delivery also has relevance. Emphasizing the need to reform education strategies not based on borrowed frameworks will position the regions and global debates on the education gap issues in the educational context of the proposed findings.
Tahir et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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