Carbon capture by biological methods

To address the global climate crisis, it is urgent to achieve carbon neutrality by the mid-21st century, balancing carbon emissions and carbon absorption from the atmosphere. This study examines the current advancements in biological methods for capturing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in response to global climate change, emphasizing the importance of sequestering CO 2 through biological carbon capture and utilization. First, we present an overview of typical carbon capture methods, including geological and oceanic carbon storage. We then highlight the significance of utilizing photosynthetic organisms, such as plants, algae and microorganisms, for carbon capture and sequestration. We also analyze the role of photosynthesis in carbon capture and explore the potential of microbial carbon capture, examining the impact of environmental factors on capture efficiency. Additionally, we discuss the development of symbiotic approaches to enhance carbon fixation capacity. Finally, this review provides key insights into the challenges and future directions in advancing the field of biological carbon capture to achieve carbon neutrality.