What type of study is this?

This is a Retrospective Cohort study.

The Level of Apolipoprotein A-I Is Associated with a Prognosis in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Especially in HFmrEF and HFpEF: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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Retrospective cohort study shows apolipoprotein a-i level impacts all-cause mortality in CHF, indicating its potential as a prognostic marker.

Low apolipoprotein a-i levels significantly increase all-cause mortality risk in chronic heart failure patients.
Cox regression analysis revealed a hazard ratio of 0.702 for low apolipoprotein a-i groups, indicating a significant risk.
Patients with heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction demonstrated an even higher risk, with a hazard ratio of 0.443.
Results suggest that apolipoprotein a-i concentrations are critical for predicting outcomes, especially in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

He et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Retrospective cohort study shows apolipoprotein a-i level impacts all-cause mortality in CHF, indicating its potential as a prognostic marker.