Implantable and injectable drug delivery systems for pain management

Introduction Pain is a widespread global health issue, significantly affecting quality of life and contributing to disability. It is estimated that between 20% and 30% of the global population suffer from some form of non-cancer chronic pain. Around 80% of surgical patients report postoperative acute pain, with less than 50% achieving adequate pain control. Despite these statistics, the management of pain still remains a significant challenge for clinicians, with many patients experiencing poorly controlled pain or adverse effects related to analgesic medication.