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September 10, 2025Depression and AnxietyOpen Access

The Impact of Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy on Depressive and Anxiety Behaviors in Offspring: A Meta‐analysis

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Authors

KZKui ZhangYWYu WangZSZhilong Shu

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Overview

Meta-analysis demonstrates maternal smoking elevates depression and anxiety risks in offspring, highlighting health implications.

Key Points

  • Maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of depression in offspring, showing an odds ratio of 1.33.
  • Heavy smoking (≥ 10 cigarettes/day) substantially raises the risk of depression and anxiety in offspring, estimating odds ratios of 1.61 and 1.51 respectively.
  • A systematic search across three prominent databases identified studies from 2000 to 2024, covering over 1.7 million participants.
  • Preventing maternal smoking can significantly protect offspring mental health and enhance their well-being.

Cite This Study

Zhang et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68c1d5e554b1d3bfb60f89efhttps://doi.org/10.1155/da/2168791
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  4. 4Maternal tobacco smoking, nicotine replacement and neurobehavioural development2008 · 215 citations
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