Wind energy development as a potential spatial conflict in rural areas: a case study of the Kraśnik gmina

Given the growing importance of wind energy and the controversies surrounding it, this study aimed to analyse the attitudes of local communities towards potential spatial conflicts related to the location of wind farms in rural areas. A wind farm located in the rural Kraśnik gmina – commune (Poland) was selected as a case study. A research approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods was used, including document- and public-discourse analysis, field research and a questionnaire. The results indicate that, despite general public awareness of the importance of renewable energy, the level of detailed knowledge about its impact remains insufficient. Although no direct spatial conflicts of a legal or aesthetic nature were identified, the study revealed potential land-use conflicts, particularly in the context of residential and agricultural areas, which are a priority for residents and users of the municipality due to their significant impact on their quality of life and agricultural productivity.