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Wildland Fire–Related Smoke PM 2.5 and Cardiovascular Disease Emergency Department Visits in the Western United States

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Case‐crossover study explores PM 2.5 effects on cardiovascular disease visits in the west, suggesting potential implications.

A 10-μg/m3 increase in wildfire smoke PM 2.5 linked to a slight decrease in emergency department visits for CVD.
Odds ratio for AF was 0.994, for heart failure was 0.995, and for CVD was 0.997 with increased smoke PM 2.5 exposure.
Analysis involved nearly 50 million ED visits across five states over a period from 2007 to 2018, using a case-crossover design.
Findings may indicate the need for further investigation into factors influencing risk assessment of CVD due to smoke exposure.

Li et al. (2025) studied this question.

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