The Japan Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders/Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody–Associated Disease Registry

In Japan, five biologics (eculizumab, ravulizumab, satralizumab, inebilizumab, and rituximab) are currently available for treating neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). These biologics have dramatically suppressed the disease relapse rate; however, a big problem remains: there are no useful biomarkers or sufficient evidence in drug selection and drug switch for each patient. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) has been recently identified, and its therapeutic strategy is still under investigation. To solve these problems, the Japan NMOSD/MOGAD Registry was launched in December 2023. In this paper, we summarize the current clinical problems of NMOSD and MOGAD in Japan and review the Japan NMOSD/MOGAD Registry project.