Effectiveness of Dengue Control Measures in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan: An Evaluation of Public Health Interventions

Background: Dengue fever, caused primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, presents with symptoms such as high fever, severe headaches, joint and muscle pain, skin rashes, and leukopenia. Over the past decade, Lahore, one of Pakistan’s most densely populated urban centers, has witnessed recurring dengue outbreaks resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Despite various public health interventions, the virus remains a serious threat to public health in the region. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dengue control measures implemented by the city administration of Lahore and to assess public perception regarding the success and shortcomings of these interventions. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted across various localities and suburbs of Lahore. Using a randomized sampling technique, 520 individuals were selected, with 499 responses deemed complete and suitable for analysis. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The findings revealed that while several proactive measures—such as public awareness campaigns, fumigation drives, and waste management efforts—had been undertaken by local authorities, the overall effectiveness of these interventions was perceived as moderate by the respondents. Gaps in implementation, lack of sustained community engagement, and insufficient surveillance mechanisms were cited as key issues. A significant portion of the population expressed the need for consistent monitoring and extended coverage of control efforts, particularly in underserved and peri-urban areas. Conclusion: The study concludes that although meaningful steps have been taken to control dengue in Lahore, greater emphasis is needed on long-term, sustainable strategies.